方法对比

	基于地理信息系统的多准则决策分析 (GIS-MCDA)	层次分析法	理想解相似优劣排序法
领域	空间分析	决策	决策
方法族	Process / pipeline	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	2006	1980	1981
提出者	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
类型	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Distance-based (compromise)
开创性文献	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
别名	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	—
相关	4	8	8
摘要	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.