方法对比

	福柯话语分析	内容分析	叙事分析
领域	质性	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (The Order of Things 1966; The Archaeology of Knowledge 1969; Discipline and Punish 1975)	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
提出者	Michel Foucault	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Qualitative interpretive method
开创性文献	Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Pantheon Books.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
别名	FDA, Foucauldian analysis, genealogical discourse analysis, archaeological discourse analysis	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
相关	6	5	6
摘要	Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language, texts, and social practices produce knowledge, construct subjects, and exercise power. Drawing on Michel Foucault's archaeological and genealogical frameworks, FDA investigates the historical and institutional conditions that make certain statements possible, acceptable, and 'true' while silencing others. It is widely applied in critical social science, health, education, and policy research to expose how dominant discourses shape what can be said, known, and done within a given social field.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.