方法对比

	焦点小组法	成员核查（Member Checking）与参与者验证
领域	质性研究	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1956	1985
提出者	Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld	Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba
类型	Method	Method
开创性文献	Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803954366	Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803924314
别名	FGD, focus group discussion, group interview	member validation, respondent validation, participant feedback, credibility check
相关	4	4
摘要	Focus group discussions are a qualitative research method in which a trained moderator guides a small group (typically 6–12 participants) through structured or semi-structured discussion of a specific topic or product. Developed by Merton and Lazarsfeld in the 1950s for market research, focus groups are now widely used in health sciences, education, social sciences, and policy research. The method leverages group interaction to generate rich, contextual insights that individual interviews may not reveal.	Member checking is a quality assurance procedure in qualitative research in which the researcher shares preliminary findings, interpretations, or analytical themes with research participants and asks whether the findings accurately reflect their perspectives and experiences. Developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as a trustworthiness criterion, member checking is considered a key method for ensuring credibility and reducing researcher misinterpretation. The goal is to verify that the researcher has understood participants correctly and that interpretations are grounded in participants' actual meaning-making, not the researcher's assumptions. Member checking can occur at different points in research (after individual interviews, after initial analysis, or after draft findings are written) and take different forms (individual feedback, group validation, interactive discussion).