方法对比

	焦点小组法	深度访谈法
领域	质性研究	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1956	1954
提出者	Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld	Carl Rogers and Herbert H. Hyman
类型	Method	Method
开创性文献	Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803954366	Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0761908631
别名	FGD, focus group discussion, group interview	IDI, qualitative interview, one-on-one interview, in-depth interviewing
相关	4	5
摘要	Focus group discussions are a qualitative research method in which a trained moderator guides a small group (typically 6–12 participants) through structured or semi-structured discussion of a specific topic or product. Developed by Merton and Lazarsfeld in the 1950s for market research, focus groups are now widely used in health sciences, education, social sciences, and policy research. The method leverages group interaction to generate rich, contextual insights that individual interviews may not reveal.	In-depth interviews are a qualitative research method in which a trained interviewer conducts one-on-one conversations with individual participants using open-ended questions to explore their experiences, perspectives, and understandings of a phenomenon. Developed in the 1950s by Rogers and Hyman, the method varies along a spectrum from structured (standardized question sets) to semi-structured (guided topic areas with flexibility) to unstructured (emergent, conversational). In-depth interviews are widely used in sociology, psychology, health sciences, anthropology, and organizational research to capture rich, detailed narratives and personal meaning.