方法对比

	焦点小组研究	德尔菲法
领域	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	1963
提出者	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)
类型	Qualitative data collection method	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process
开创性文献	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.
别名	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method
相关	6	5
摘要	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.