方法对比

	现场文档分析	文献分析
领域	质性	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s–1980s (codified in qualitative research methodology)	1920
提出者	Rooted in ethnographic fieldwork traditions; systematised in qualitative education research by Bogdan & Biklen and Hammersley & Atkinson	Max Weber and Karl Mannheim
类型	Qualitative research strategy	Method
开创性文献	Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theories and Methods (5th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205483655	Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Polity Press. ISBN: 978-0745608419
别名	FBDA, field document analysis, naturalistic document analysis, ethnographic document analysis	documentary analysis, textual analysis, content analysis of documents, archival research
相关	6	4
摘要	Field-based document analysis is a qualitative strategy in which the researcher enters a real-world setting — a school, clinic, organisation, or community — and systematically collects, authenticates, and analyses documents that are naturally produced and used there. Unlike library-based or archival document analysis, the field context is integral: the researcher observes how documents function in practice, who produces and reads them, and what organisational or cultural work they perform. The approach is widely used in ethnographic, case-study, and institutional research.	Document analysis is a systematic qualitative research method for examining written, visual, or audiovisual sources—such as policy documents, historical records, organizational records, media reports, emails, social media posts, photographs, or videos—to extract meaning, identify patterns, and understand social phenomena. Developed by Weber and Mannheim in early 20th-century sociology, the method bridges historical research, content analysis, and textual interpretation. Document analysis is used across disciplines to understand organizational change, policy evolution, media representation, historical events, and cultural meaning. Documents provide evidence of what organizations, institutions, or societies value, decide, and communicate, often revealing contradictions between policy and practice.