方法对比

	基于现场的偏离案例抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s (purposive/deviant case sampling literature)	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Michael Quinn Patton; Yvonna Lincoln & Egon Guba	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	field deviant case sampling, outlier case sampling in field research, extreme case sampling in fieldwork, in-situ deviant case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Field-based deviant case sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases deviating markedly from an established pattern or norm, with data collected through direct fieldwork — observation, in-situ interviews, and ethnographic engagement — in the participants' natural settings. By studying outliers on-site, researchers gain contextually grounded insight into why and how certain cases diverge from the typical pattern.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.