方法对比

	基于现场的内容分析	话语分析	民族志
领域	质性	质性研究	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1987	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
提出者	David L. Altheide	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
类型	Qualitative analytic approach	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
开创性文献	Altheide, D. L. (1987). Ethnographic content analysis. Qualitative Sociology, 10(1), 65–77.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
别名	field content analysis, naturalistic content analysis, ethnographic content analysis, ECA	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
相关	6	2	5
摘要	Field-based content analysis is a qualitative analytic approach that systematically examines documents, artifacts, and texts encountered or produced within a natural field setting. Originally formulated by David Altheide as ethnographic content analysis (ECA), it blends the systematic rigor of traditional content analysis with the reflexive, iterative logic of ethnographic inquiry, allowing the researcher to interact continuously with the data and revise analytic categories as new meaning emerges from the field.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.