方法对比

	因子分析	影响诊断 (库克距离, DFFITS, 杠杆率)	稳健协方差估计 (MCD)
领域	研究统计学	统计学	统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1931	1977	1999
提出者	Louis Leon Thurstone	R. Dennis Cook (Cook's distance); Belsley, Kuh & Welsch (DFFITS, leverage)	Rousseeuw; Rousseeuw & Van Driessen (Fast-MCD)
类型	Method	Regression diagnostic	Robust multivariate location-scatter estimator
开创性文献	Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press.	Cook, R. D. (1977). Detection of Influential Observations in Linear Regression. Technometrics, 19(1), 15-18.	Rousseeuw, P. J. & Van Driessen, K. (1999). A Fast Algorithm for the Minimum Covariance Determinant Estimator. Technometrics, 41(3), 212-223.
别名	EFA, CFA, latent variable modeling	Cook's distance, DFFITS, leverage, influential observation detection	minimum covariance determinant, MCD estimator, robust covariance estimation, Robust Kovaryans Tahmini (MCD)
相关	3	5	4
摘要	Factor analysis is a statistical technique for identifying latent (unobserved) dimensions underlying observed variables, developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in the 1930s and formalized by Jöreskog (1969). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) discovers unknown factor structure from data; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tests hypothesized relationships between observed and latent variables. Essential in psychometrics (test development), organizational research (measuring constructs like leadership style), and biomedicine (identifying disease subtypes), factor analysis reduces dimensionality while revealing conceptual organization in multivariate data.	Influence diagnostics are a family of post-fit measures that quantify how much each single observation affects a fitted regression. Cook's distance was introduced by R. Dennis Cook in 1977, with leverage and DFFITS formalised by Belsley, Kuh and Welsch in 1980, to flag the observations that most strongly pull the estimated coefficients.	Robust Covariance via the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) estimates a multivariate mean vector and covariance matrix that are not distorted by outliers. It was made practical by the Fast-MCD algorithm of Rousseeuw and Van Driessen (1999), building on Rousseeuw's earlier work on robust estimation.