方法对比

	面访调查	结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1930s–1940s (systematic survey era)	1940s–1950s
提出者	Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s)	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
类型	Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
开创性文献	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.
别名	personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview
相关	5	4
摘要	A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys.	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.