方法对比

	面访调查	移动调查	在线调查
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1930s–1940s (systematic survey era)	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
提出者	Established practice formalised in survey methodology (Gallup, Likert, and others from the 1930s–1940s)	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
类型	Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
开创性文献	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
别名	personal interview survey, in-person survey, PAPI survey, door-to-door survey	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
相关	5	6	6
摘要	A face-to-face survey is a structured data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets respondents in person and administers a standardised questionnaire. The interviewer reads questions aloud, clarifies wording when permitted by protocol, and records answers — either on paper (PAPI) or a laptop/tablet (CAPI). This mode consistently achieves higher response rates and better data quality for complex or sensitive questionnaires than self-administered alternatives, and is the reference standard in large-scale population surveys.	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.