方法对比

	嵌入式多层混合方法设计	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark; Teddlie & Tashakkori (mixed methods typology literature)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975179	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	embedded multilevel design, nested multilevel mixed methods, multilevel embedded MMR, embedded hierarchical mixed methods	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	4	5
摘要	Embedded multilevel mixed methods design nests a secondary qualitative (or quantitative) strand within a primary study that spans hierarchically organized levels — such as students within classrooms, employees within organizations, or patients within clinics. The dominant strand addresses the research question at the structural level while the embedded component enriches understanding at a different level of the hierarchy, producing complementary insights that neither strand could yield alone.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.