方法对比

	嵌入式案例研究	案例研究	民族志
领域	质性	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1984–1995 (Yin's foundational editions; Stake 1995)	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
提出者	Robert K. Yin (systematic case study design); Robert E. Stake (naturalistic tradition)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
开创性文献	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
别名	embedded single-case design, multiple-unit case study, nested case study, embedded unit analysis	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
相关	6	5	5
摘要	An embedded case study is a case study design in which one or more units of analysis are nested within a single overarching case. Rather than treating the case as a single, holistic entity, the researcher deliberately examines multiple sub-units — such as departments within an organisation, classrooms within a school, or programmes within a hospital — to build a richer, more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon under study. Formalised by Robert K. Yin, the design is contrasted with the holistic single-case study and with multi-case (multiple-case) designs.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.