方法对比

	经济订货批量 (EOQ)	ABC分析：按年使用价值对库存进行分类	新报贩模型
领域	运筹学	运筹学	运筹学
方法族	Regression model	Process / pipeline	Regression model
起源年份	1913	1998	1951
提出者	Ford W. Harris	Pareto principle; Silver, Pyke & Peterson	Arrow, Harris & Marschak
类型	Deterministic inventory optimization model	Inventory segmentation technique	Stochastic single-period inventory optimization
开创性文献	Harris, F. W. (1913/1990). How many parts to make at once. Operations Research, 38(6), 947–950 (reprint).	Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., & Peterson, R. (1998). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-11947-0	Arrow, K. J., Harris, T., & Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal inventory policy. Econometrica, 19(3), 250–272.
别名	Wilson EOQ Model, Harris-Wilson Model, Optimal Lot Size Model, Ekonomik Sipariş Miktarı	Pareto Inventory Classification, 80-20 Inventory Rule, ABC Classification, ABC Stok Analizi	Newsboy Model, Single-Period Inventory Model, Christmas Tree Problem, Gazete Satıcısı Modeli
相关	3	2	3
摘要	The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a classic deterministic inventory model that identifies the order quantity minimizing the sum of annual ordering and holding costs. Introduced by Ford W. Harris in 1913 and later popularized by R. H. Wilson, EOQ assumes constant demand, fixed cost parameters, and instantaneous replenishment. It remains the foundational benchmark for inventory management in manufacturing, retail, and supply chain contexts where demand is relatively stable and costs are well-characterized.	ABC Analysis is a demand-value segmentation technique that divides inventory items into three classes — A, B, and C — based on their annual usage value (unit cost multiplied by annual demand). Rooted in the Pareto principle and codified for inventory management by Silver, Pyke, and Peterson (1998), it guides managers to concentrate control resources on the small fraction of items that drive the vast majority of total inventory spend.	The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy, the model balances the cost of ordering too much (overage) against the cost of ordering too little (underage) to yield a closed-form optimality condition known as the critical ratio.