方法对比
并排查看您选择的方法；存在差异的行会高亮显示。
| 项目功能差异 (DIF) 分析× | 验证性因子分析（CFA）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1988 | 1969 |
| 提出者≠ | Paul W. Holland & Dorothy T. Thayer (Mantel-Haenszel approach, 1988) | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| 类型≠ | Item-level fairness / measurement equivalence analysis | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| 开创性文献≠ | Holland, P. W. & Thayer, D. T. (1988). Differential Item Performance and the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure. ETS Research Report Series. link ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| 别名≠ | Madde Yanlılık Analizi (DIF — Differential Item Functioning), item bias analysis, Mantel-Haenszel DIF, Lord chi-square DIF | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| 相关 | 4 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Differential Item Functioning analysis examines whether examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — who have the same underlying ability respond differently to a test item. First formalised by Holland and Thayer in 1988 via the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, it is the principal tool in modern test development for detecting and removing item bias. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
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