方法对比

	日记法	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	5	6
摘要	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.