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| 目的地形象量表× | 游客忠诚度量表× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 旅游管理 | 旅游管理 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1991 | 2000 |
| 提出者≠ | Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. | Oppermann, M. |
| 类型≠ | Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale | Self-report questionnaire |
| 开创性文献≠ | Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15. DOI ↗ | Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 78-84. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | DIS, Destination Perception Scale | TLS, Destination Loyalty Scale |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning. | The Tourist Loyalty Scale (TLS) measures the extent to which visitors intend to return to a destination and recommend it to others, reflecting behavioral commitment and preference relative to competing destinations. Developed by Oppermann (2000) and refined across multiple tourism contexts, the TLS captures the ultimate outcome of satisfaction and destination image—willingness to invest time and money in repeat visitation and endorsement. As the true measure of competitive advantage in tourism, loyalty drives revenue stability, positive reputation, and ecosystem resilience. |
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