方法对比

	数据共享与开放科学	开放获取出版模式
领域	出版伦理	出版伦理
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2010	2002
提出者	Open science movement; Center for Open Science; funding agencies (NIH, EU, NSF)	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002); open science movement
类型	Framework	Standard
开创性文献	Open Science Framework (2023). OSF. Center for Open Science.	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002, revised 2012). Budapest Open Access Initiative.
别名	Open Data, Research Data Sharing, Research Reproducibility	OA Publishing, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access, Diamond OA
相关	4	4
摘要	Data sharing and open science are practices that maximize research transparency and reproducibility by making raw data, analysis code, and methods publicly available alongside publications. The replication crisis (widespread failure to reproduce published findings in psychology, medicine, and other fields) revealed that traditional publication—focusing on novel results—incentivizes selective reporting and p-hacking. Open science practices (preregistration, data sharing, code sharing, open materials) aim to reduce bias and enable independent verification. Major funders (NIH, NSF, EU) now mandate open science practices, and many journals require data availability statements or code repositories.	Open access (OA) publishing removes subscription paywalls, making research freely available to all readers online without subscription fees. The Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) defined OA as the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link research freely. Multiple OA models exist: Gold OA (immediate free access, often author-funded via APCs), Green OA (free self-archiving in repositories), and Diamond OA (free to both authors and readers). OA expands research impact, enables global participation in science, and aligns with public funding mandates. However, OA models vary in sustainability and are sometimes exploited by predatory publishers.