方法对比
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| 验证性因子分析（CFA）× | 结构方程模型× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 心理测量学 | 研究统计学 |
| 方法族≠ | Latent structure | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1969 | 1921 |
| 提出者≠ | Karl Gustav Jöreskog | Sewall Wright |
| 类型≠ | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model | Method |
| 开创性文献≠ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm. link ↗ |
| 别名 | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis | SEM, path analysis, latent variable modeling, causal modeling |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. | Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis. |
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