方法对比
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| 簇随机多臂试验× | 自适应随机对照试验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1990s–2000s (systematic formalization) | 1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947) |
| 提出者≠ | Building on cluster randomization (Donner & Klar) and multi-arm trial methods developed in clinical and public health research | Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature |
| 类型≠ | Experimental design | Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT |
| 开创性文献≠ | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533 | Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690 |
| 别名 | multi-arm cluster RCT, cluster-randomized multi-group trial, multi-arm group-randomized trial, CRCT multi-arm | Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A cluster randomized multi-arm experiment assigns intact groups — such as schools, clinics, or villages — rather than individuals to three or more experimental conditions simultaneously. Randomization occurs at the cluster level to prevent contamination between arms, while the multi-arm structure allows simultaneous evaluation of several interventions against a common control or each other, improving efficiency over a series of two-arm studies. | An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity. |
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