方法对比

	Citizen Report Card	Social Audit
领域	Development Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2002	2005
提出者	Samuel Paul and the Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, India	Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS), Rajasthan, India; institutionalised in India's MGNREGA
类型	Sample-survey-based public-service feedback method	Public accountability and verification method
开创性文献	Paul, S. (2002). Holding the State to Account: Citizen Monitoring in Action. Bangalore: Books for Change. ISBN: 9788187380474	Centre for Good Governance (2005). Social Audit: A Toolkit - A Guide for Performance Improvement and Outcome Measurement. Hyderabad: Centre for Good Governance.
别名	CRC, Citizen Report Card Survey, Public Service Report Card, User Satisfaction Report Card	Social Audit, Public Social Audit, Jan Sunwai, Community Social Audit
相关	4	4
摘要	The Citizen Report Card (CRC) is a social-accountability method that uses a representative sample survey to gather systematic feedback from the users of public services, producing comparative 'report card' ratings of satisfaction, access, reliability, and corruption. Pioneered by Samuel Paul and the Public Affairs Centre in Bangalore, India, in the mid-1990s, it provides an aggregate, quantitative, citywide or regional measure of service quality — distinguishing it from the local, qualitative Community Scorecard — and uses public dissemination and media advocacy to pressure agencies to improve.	A Social Audit is a method of public accountability in which citizens collectively examine official records of public spending and works and verify them against physical reality, culminating in an open public hearing where discrepancies are confronted in front of officials. Forged by the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in Rajasthan, India, in the 1990s and later embedded in law through India's national employment guarantee programme (MGNREGA), the social audit turns the right to information into a tool for exposing corruption and securing redress.