方法对比
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| 验证性因子分析 (CFA)× | 探索性因子分析（EFA）× | 结构方程模型 (SEM)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 统计学 | 统计学 | 统计学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1969 | — | 1970 |
| 提出者≠ | Karl Jöreskog | — | Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s) |
| 类型≠ | Confirmatory latent variable model | Latent variable / dimension reduction | Latent variable / causal modeling |
| 开创性文献≠ | Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462515363 | Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. DOI ↗ | Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540 |
| 别名≠ | Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (CFA), confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model | common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis | Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a researcher-specified factor structure fits the observed data. Formalised by Karl Jöreskog in 1969, it is the measurement-model step within structural equation modelling and is the standard tool for validating the factorial structure of scales and questionnaires before comparing groups or estimating latent relationships. | Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance. | Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences. |
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