方法对比

	中心性分析	指数随机图模型（ERGM / p*）	网络传播模型
领域	网络分析	网络分析	网络分析
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	1986 (foundational); modern ERGM framework 1996–2007	1927 (epidemiological compartmental); 2003 (social influence cascade)
提出者	Linton C. Freeman	Frank & Strauss (1986); extended by Wasserman & Pattison (1996) and Robins et al. (2007)	Kermack & McKendrick (SIR/SIS, 1927); Kempe, Kleinberg & Tardos (Independent Cascade, 2003)
类型	Descriptive / exploratory network measure family	Probabilistic generative network model	Stochastic / deterministic simulation on graphs
开创性文献	Freeman, L.C. (1979). Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), 215-239.	Robins, G., Pattison, P., Kalish, Y., & Lusher, D. (2007). An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks, 29(2), 173-191.	Kermack, W.O. & McKendrick, A.G. (1927). A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 115(772), 700-721.
别名	Merkeziyet Analizi (Degree, Betweenness, Eigenvector), node centrality, centrality measures, graph centrality	ERGM, p-star model, p* model, Üstel Rastgele Graf Modeli (ERGM / p*)	epidemic spreading models, compartmental models, influence propagation models, Ağ Yayılım Modelleri (SIR, SIS, Independent Cascade)
相关	5	6	5
摘要	Centrality analysis is a family of network-analytic measures, formalized by Freeman (1979), that quantifies the structural importance of individual nodes within a graph. Each centrality index captures a distinct mechanism of influence: degree centrality reflects direct connectivity, betweenness centrality identifies nodes that broker information flow, closeness centrality captures proximity to all others, and eigenvector centrality (along with PageRank) rewards connection to highly connected neighbors.	The Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM), also known as the p* model, is a statistical framework for network analysis that models the probability of an observed network as a function of its local structural features — such as reciprocity, triangles, and degree distribution. Developed from the foundational work of Frank and Strauss (1986) and extended into the modern framework by Wasserman and Pattison (1996) and Robins et al. (2007), ERGM is the inferential standard for social network analysis, capable of testing whether observed network structures arise by chance or reflect genuine social processes.	Network diffusion models are a family of compartmental and probabilistic frameworks that simulate how information, disease, or innovation spreads across a connected system. Rooted in the mathematical epidemiology of Kermack and McKendrick (1927), the SIR and SIS models partition nodes into states and track transitions driven by contact rates and recovery probabilities. The Independent Cascade and Linear Threshold models, formalised by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), extend this logic to social influence, modelling how activation propagates through a network one neighbour at a time.