方法对比

	病例对照研究	横断面流行病学研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s	1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century
提出者	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s	Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s)
类型	Observational analytic study design	Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design
开创性文献	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860	Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407
别名	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis	prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design
相关	6	6
摘要	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.	A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes.