方法对比
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| 双因子模型（一般因子和特殊因子）× | 项目反应理论 (IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1937 | 1952–1968 |
| 提出者≠ | Holzinger & Swineford (1937); modern revival by Reise (2012) | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) |
| 类型≠ | Confirmatory latent variable model | Probabilistic measurement model |
| 开创性文献≠ | Reise, S. P. (2012). The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696. DOI ↗ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| 别名 | Bifaktör Modeli — Genel ve Spesifik Faktörler, hierarchical factor model, general-specific factor model, Schmid-Leiman model | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The bifactor measurement model specifies that every indicator loads simultaneously on a single general factor and on one of several specific (group) factors. Formally introduced by Holzinger and Swineford in 1937 and brought into mainstream psychometrics by Reise (2012), it is now the standard tool for evaluating whether a multidimensional scale can legitimately yield a single composite score. | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. |
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