方法对比

	贝叶斯模型检验研究	验证性因子分析（CFA）
领域	研究设计	心理测量学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
起源年份	1935 (Jeffreys); widely adopted in social and behavioral sciences from the 1990s onward	1969
提出者	Harold Jeffreys; formalized for applied sciences by Robert Kass and Adrian Raftery	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
类型	Quantitative inferential research design	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
开创性文献	Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
别名	Bayesian hypothesis testing, Bayesian model comparison, Bayes factor analysis, BMT	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
相关	4	4
摘要	Bayesian model testing research is a quantitative design in which competing theoretical models or hypotheses are evaluated by comparing their marginal likelihoods given observed data. The central tool is the Bayes factor — a ratio that quantifies how much more likely the data are under one model than under another. Unlike null-hypothesis significance testing, Bayesian model testing yields direct evidence for or against specific hypotheses, incorporates prior knowledge, and can support a null hypothesis rather than merely failing to reject it.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.