方法对比

	协方差分析 (ANCOVA)	判别分析	单因素方差分析
领域	统计学	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Latent structure	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1932	1936	1925
提出者	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Supervised classification and dimension reduction	Parametric mean comparison
开创性文献	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1936). The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), 179–188.	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
别名	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	LDA, Fisher discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis, canonical discriminant analysis	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA
相关	4	4	4
摘要	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	Discriminant analysis finds linear combinations of predictor variables that best separate two or more known groups. It is used both to understand which predictors distinguish the groups and to classify new observations into those groups with minimum error.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.