方法对比

	自适应加权抽样	分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1977
提出者	Building on Thompson (1990) adaptive sampling and classical importance-weighting; adaptive weighting formalised across survey and Monte Carlo literature	William G. Cochran
类型	Probabilistic sampling procedure	Probability-based survey sampling design
开创性文献	Thompson, S. K. (1990). Adaptive cluster sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85(412), 1050–1059.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7
别名	AWS, adaptive importance sampling, sequential adaptive weighting, dynamic weighted sampling	Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme
相关	6	2
摘要	Adaptive weighted sampling is a probabilistic sampling procedure that assigns and iteratively updates inclusion weights for population units based on observed data collected during the sampling process itself. Unlike static weighted sampling — where weights are fixed before data collection from known auxiliary information — adaptive weighting revises probabilities as new information accumulates, concentrating sampling effort on units that contribute most to estimating the target quantity. It is used in survey methodology, simulation studies, and rare-event estimation.	Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics.