方法对比

	自适应所罗门四组设计	自适应临床试验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1949 (base design); adaptive adaptation developed through later adaptive trial methodology	1994
提出者	Richard L. Solomon (base design); adaptive extension via response-adaptive randomization methodology	Bauer & Köhne
类型	Experimental design (pretest-sensitization control + adaptive randomization)	Adaptive hypothesis test with interim analyses
开创性文献	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Bauer, P. & Köhne, K. (1994). Evaluation of Experiments with Adaptive Interim Analyses. Biometrics, 50(4), 1029–1041.
别名	adaptive S4G design, response-adaptive Solomon design, sequential Solomon four-group design, adaptive pretest-sensitization design	adaptive design, group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, platform trial
相关	6	3
摘要	The Adaptive Solomon Four-Group Design combines the pretest-sensitization control of Solomon's classic four-group structure with response-adaptive randomization, allowing interim outcome data to update the allocation probabilities across the four groups as the study progresses. This hybrid preserves the design's ability to isolate the testing effect while improving ethical efficiency by steering more participants toward conditions performing better at interim checkpoints.	Adaptive clinical trial design is a flexible experimental framework, formalised by Bauer and Köhne in 1994, in which pre-specified rules allow the trial to be modified mid-course — adjusting sample size, treatment arms, or randomisation ratios — based on accumulating interim data while rigorously controlling the Type I error rate.