方法对比

	自适应随机临床试验	剂量-反应分析
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)	Conceptual roots 16th century; modern epidemiological application mid-20th century
提出者	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019	Paracelsus (conceptual foundation); formalized by John Snow and later Bradford Hill
类型	Experimental clinical trial design	Quantitative analytical method
开创性文献	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
别名	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial	exposure-response analysis, concentration-response modeling, dose-response modeling, DRA
相关	6	4
摘要	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.	Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of disease. A demonstrated dose-response gradient is one of Bradford Hill's classic criteria supporting causal inference.