方法对比

	吸收能力量表	战略导向量表
领域	战略管理	战略管理
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2002	1978
提出者	Shaker Zahra and Gerard George	Miles and Snow; extended by Miller and Friesen
类型	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
开创性文献	Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.	Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. McGraw-Hill.
别名	ACAP, Zahra-George Scale	Strategic Posture Scale, Miller-Friesen Framework
相关	5	5
摘要	Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) refers to an organization's ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit external knowledge to enhance innovation and performance. Zahra and George (2002) reconceptualized absorptive capacity into four distinct but interrelated processes in their foundational Academy of Management Review article. This measurement scale captures organizational learning dynamics and knowledge-based competitive advantage, making it essential for assessing innovation capability and knowledge management effectiveness.	Strategic Orientation refers to the fundamental approach an organization adopts when competing in its market, encompassing its competitive strategy, market focus, and organizational design. Miles and Snow's (1978) foundational framework identifies four strategic postures: Defenders (focus on stable market segments, operational efficiency, and incremental innovation), Prospectors (pursue new market opportunities, drive innovation, accept higher risk), Analyzers (balance efficiency and innovation, serve established markets while exploring adjacent opportunities), and Reactors (lack clear strategy, respond reactively to environmental pressures). This scale operationalizes Miles and Snow's framework, revealing an organization's strategic type and fit with its environment and structure.