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| Toxic Leadership Scale× | Thang đo Lãnh đạo Có đạo đức× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Hành vi tổ chức | Hành vi tổ chức |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 2007 | 2005 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad | Brown, Treviño, and Harrison |
| Loại≠ | Observational scale | Self-report scale |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗ | Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | Destructive Leadership Scale | Brown ELS |
| Liên quan | 4 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. | The Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) is a 10-item instrument measuring the degree to which leaders model ethical behavior and hold followers accountable to ethical standards. Developed by Brown, Treviño, and Harrison in 2005, the ELS operationalizes ethical leadership, assessing leader conduct and norm-setting that shape organizational ethics. |
| ScholarGateBộ dữ liệu ↗ |
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