So sánh phương pháp

	Trọng số điểm xu hướng (PSW / IPW)	Phương pháp Sai phân kép (Difference-in-Differences - DiD)
Lĩnh vực	Suy luận nhân quả	Kinh tế lượng
Họ	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator)	1994
Người khởi xướng	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting)	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
Loại	Causal inference / reweighting	Causal inference / panel regression
Công trình gốc	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Tên gọi khác	PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003).	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.