So sánh phương pháp

	Hiện tượng luận	Nghiên cứu tình huống	Phân tích diễn ngôn	Dân tộc học
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Early 20th century (Husserl ~1900–1913; Heidegger ~1927)	1984 (seminal codification)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Người khởi xướng	Edmund Husserl (transcendental); Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Loại	Qualitative research approach	Qualitative research design	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Công trình gốc	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Tên gọi khác	Fenomenoloji, phenomenological inquiry, phenomenological analysis	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Liên quan	6	5	2	5
Tóm tắt	Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates how participants live through and make sense of a specific experience. Rooted in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and extended by Martin Heidegger, it aims to reveal the essential structures of lived experience rather than to measure or predict outcomes. The two most widely applied variants are Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, which seeks universal essences, and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, which emphasises interpretation within context.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.