So sánh phương pháp
Xem các phương pháp đã chọn cạnh nhau; những hàng khác biệt được làm nổi bật.
| Phát triển thang đo đa cấp× | Phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Trắc lượng tâm lý | Trắc lượng tâm lý |
| Họ | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1990s–2000s | 1969 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Raudenbush, Bryk, Hox and colleagues | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| Loại≠ | Hierarchical measurement / scale construction | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462 | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | multilevel measurement modeling, hierarchical scale development, MLSEM scale construction, nested data scale development | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| Liên quan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | Multilevel scale development constructs and validates measurement instruments for data collected from individuals nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, organizations, or clinics. It partitions item variance into within-group and between-group components, ensuring that reliability and factor structure are evaluated at both levels simultaneously. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
| ScholarGateBộ dữ liệu ↗ |
|
|