So sánh phương pháp

	Lý thuyết tổng quát hóa đa cấp	Phân tích nhân tố khẳng định (Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s	1969
Người khởi xướng	Brennan, R. L. and Shavelson, R. J. (extensions of Cronbach et al. G-theory to multilevel designs)	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
Loại	Measurement / variance decomposition	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
Công trình gốc	Briggs, D. C. & Wilson, M. (2003). An introduction to multidimensional measurement using Rasch models and generalizability theory. Journal of Applied Measurement, 4(1), 1–19.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
Tên gọi khác	multilevel G-theory, ML-GT, hierarchical generalizability theory, multilevel G-study	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Multilevel generalizability theory extends classical G-theory to measurement designs where observations are nested within higher-level units — for example, items nested within raters, or students nested within classrooms. It decomposes score variance into components attributable to persons, facets, and their interactions across hierarchical levels, enabling precise estimation of measurement precision in complex, real-world assessment settings.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.