So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo lo âu Toán học	Thang đo mức độ gắn kết của sinh viên
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học giáo dục	Tâm lý học giáo dục
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1972	2004
Người khởi xướng	Frank Richardson, Richard Suinn	Jennifer Fredricks, Phyllis Blumenfeld, Alison Paris
Loại	Domain-specific anxiety assessment	Multidimensional engagement assessment
Công trình gốc	Richardson, F. C., & Suinn, R. M. (1972). The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale: Psychometric data. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19(6), 551-554.	Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
Tên gọi khác	MARS, Math Anxiety Measure	SES, Academic Engagement Measure
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) is a self-report instrument measuring the degree of anxiety students experience in mathematical situations. Developed by Richardson and Suinn (1972) and revised by Plake and Parker (1995), it assesses emotional and physiological responses to math learning and performance. Mathematics anxiety—fear or dread anticipating math tasks—significantly undermines achievement, particularly in STEM fields, and is a target for intervention in educational and clinical settings.	The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (interest, belonging, enthusiasm), and cognitive engagement (mental effort, deep thinking, persistence). High engagement is consistently associated with better learning outcomes and well-being.