So sánh phương pháp

	Quán tính	Chỉ số Calinski-Harabasz	Chỉ số Davies-Bouldin	Phương pháp Elbow
Lĩnh vực	Đánh giá mô hình	Đánh giá mô hình	Đánh giá mô hình	Đánh giá mô hình
Họ	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM
Năm ra đời	1967	1974	1979	1953
Người khởi xướng	Stuart Lloyd, James MacQueen	Tadeusz Calinski, Jerzy Harabasz	David L. Davies, Donald W. Bouldin	Robert Thorndike
Loại	Clustering quality metric	Cluster quality metric	Cluster quality metric	Heuristic optimization criterion
Công trình gốc	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129-137.	Calinski, T., & Harabasz, J. (1974). A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics, 3(1), 1-27.	Davies, D. L., & Bouldin, D. W. (1979). A cluster separation measure. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1(2), 224-227.	Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009). The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. Springer Series in Statistics.
Tên gọi khác	WCSS, within-cluster sum of squares, cluster cohesion	variance ratio criterion, pseudo F-statistic, CH index	DBI, Davies Bouldin index	elbow analysis, knee detection
Liên quan	5	5	5	5
Tóm tắt	Inertia, also called Within-Cluster Sum of Squares (WCSS), is a measure of cluster cohesion that quantifies how tightly points are grouped around their cluster centroids. Lower values indicate more compact, cohesive clusters. Inertia is the primary objective function for k-means clustering and has been a fundamental metric since the method's introduction.	The Calinski-Harabasz Index, also called the Variance Ratio Criterion, was introduced by Calinski and Harabasz in 1974. It is a metric that measures the ratio of between-cluster variance to within-cluster variance, adjusted for the number of clusters and data points. Higher values indicate better-separated, more compact clusters.	The Davies-Bouldin Index, introduced by Davies and Bouldin in 1979, is a metric for evaluating clustering quality based on the average similarity between each cluster and its most similar neighboring cluster. Lower values indicate better clustering, with a minimum of 0 representing perfectly separated, non-overlapping clusters.	The Elbow Method is a heuristic for selecting the optimal number of clusters in partitional clustering. Introduced by Robert Thorndike in 1953, it involves fitting clustering models for increasing numbers of clusters and plotting the within-cluster sum of squares (WCSS) against the number of clusters. The 'elbow' occurs where the rate of WCSS decrease sharply changes, suggesting an optimal cluster count.