So sánh phương pháp

	Lý thuyết nền tảng dựa trên thực địa	Nghiên cứu tình huống	Dân tộc học	Phân tích Tường thuật
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1967 (original GT); field-based variant developed through 1980s–2000s	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
Người khởi xướng	Kathy Charmaz (constructivist extension); Barney Glaser & Anselm Strauss (original grounded theory)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
Loại	Qualitative research design and analysis approach	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative interpretive method
Công trình gốc	Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761973539	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Tên gọi khác	constructivist grounded theory, ethnographic grounded theory, situational grounded theory, field grounded theory	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
Liên quan	6	5	5	6
Tóm tắt	Field-based grounded theory integrates sustained fieldwork — participant observation, field notes, and naturalistic data collection — with the iterative coding and theoretical sampling procedures of classic grounded theory. Where standard grounded theory typically relies on interview transcripts, the field-based variant anchors theory generation in direct, prolonged observation of naturally occurring social processes in context. The result is a substantive theory that is grounded in both what people say and what they actually do in their everyday settings.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.