So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Đồ thị Ngẫu nhiên Lũy thừa Có hướng	Phân tích Modularity Định hướng
Lĩnh vực	Phân tích mạng lưới	Phân tích mạng lưới
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1986 (foundations); 2007 (modern directed ERGM formulation)	2008
Người khởi xướng	Frank, O. & Strauss, D.; extended by Robins, Pattison, Kalish & Lusher	Leicht, E. A. & Newman, M. E. J.
Loại	Statistical generative model for directed networks	Community detection / graph partitioning
Công trình gốc	Robins, G., Pattison, P., Kalish, Y. & Lusher, D. (2007). An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks, 29(2), 173-191.	Leicht, E. A., & Newman, M. E. J. (2008). Community structure in directed networks. Physical Review Letters, 100(11), 118703.
Tên gọi khác	Directed ERGM, p-star model (directed), directed p* model, directed Markov graph model	directed community detection via modularity, directed Q-modularity, digraph modularity optimization, Leicht-Newman modularity
Liên quan	4	5
Tóm tắt	The Directed Exponential Random Graph Model (Directed ERGM) is a family of statistical models for directed networks that estimates the probability of observing a given directed graph as a function of structural configurations — such as reciprocity, transitive triads, and in-degree centralization — and node or dyad covariates, enabling principled inference about the social processes that generate directed ties.	Directed modularity analysis extends the classic Newman-Girvan modularity framework to directed graphs, where edges carry a source and a destination. Formalized by Leicht and Newman in 2008, it partitions nodes into communities by maximizing a modularity score that accounts for each node's separate in-degree and out-degree in the null model, making it the standard approach for community detection in citation networks, information flows, and other asymmetric relational data.