So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu dân tộc học số phê phán	Netnography
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2000s–2010s	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
Người khởi xướng	Synthesised from critical ethnography (Thomas, 1993) and digital/virtual ethnography (Hine, 2000); scholars including Bhatt, de Roock, and Saldanha developed explicit critical-digital frameworks from the 2010s onward	Robert V. Kozinets
Loại	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Bhatt, I., & de Roock, R. (2013). Capturing the sociomateriality of digital literacy events. Research in Learning Technology, 21. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21624	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
Tên gọi khác	CDE, critical online ethnography, critical virtual ethnography, digital critical ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	Critical digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive, participatory observation of digital ethnography with the power-conscious, emancipatory orientation of critical theory. Researchers embed themselves in online communities, platforms, or digital practices and examine not only what people do online but also how digital spaces reproduce, challenge, or transform structures of power, inequality, and identity. It is widely used in education, communication studies, and social science.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.