Порівняння методів

	SIBTEST	Модель DINA	Модель DINO	Аналіз необхідних умов
Галузь	Психометрія	Психометрія	Психометрія	Психометрія
Родина	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
Рік появи	1993	2001	2006	2016
Автор методу	Richard Shealy, William F. Stout	Brian Junker, Klaas Sijtsma	James Templin, Russell Henson	Jan Dul
Тип	Differential item functioning (DIF) assessment	Discrete latent class model	Disjunctive latent class model	Set-theoretic configurational analysis
Основоположне джерело	Shealy, R., & Stout, W. F. (1993). A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group differences and detects test bias/DTF. Psychometrika, 58(2), 159-194.	Junker, B. W., & Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(3), 258-272.	Templin, J., & Henson, R. A. (2006). Measurement of psychological disorders using cognitive diagnosis models. Psychological Methods, 11(3), 287-305.	Dul, J. (2016). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of "necessary but not sufficient" causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10-52.
Інші назви	—	DINA	DINO	NCA
Пов'язані	5	4	4	5
Підсумок	SIBTEST (Simultaneous Item Bias Test) is a non-parametric method for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) developed by Shealy and Stout (1993). Unlike parametric approaches, SIBTEST does not assume a particular item response model and directly tests whether groups differ in their probability of correct responses at equal levels of overall ability.	The DINA Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs) is a cognitive diagnostic model developed by Junker and Sijtsma (2001) that classifies examinees into latent skill classes based on their item response patterns. DINA assumes a deterministic relationship between skill mastery and correct responses, with probabilistic error accounting for guessing and slips.	The DINO Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs—Disjunctive) is a cognitive diagnostic model that relaxes DINA's conjunctive (AND) skill requirement logic. DINO assumes an examinee only needs to master one of multiple possible skill pathways to answer an item correctly, making it suitable for scenarios where skills are substitutable or alternative routes to success exist.	Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Dul (2016) that identifies conditions necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for an outcome to occur. Unlike regression, which estimates average effects, NCA identifies absolute thresholds: conditions that must be present at a certain level for the outcome to be possible, regardless of other factors.