เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การแพร่กระจายวงโคจรด้วยวิธี SGP4 TLE	TCAS
สาขาวิชา	การบินและอวกาศ	การบินและอวกาศ
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1970s	1989
ผู้ริเริ่ม	NORAD, USAF	FAA, ICAO
ประเภท	Propagation method	Avionics system
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Vallado, D. A., Crawford, P., Hujsa, R., & Kelso, T. S. (2006). Revisiting Spacetrack Report Number 3. In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference.	Federal Aviation Administration (2017). Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS II). Technical Standard Order TSO-C119c.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	SGP4, TLE propagation, simplified perturbations	TCAS II, ACAS, traffic avoidance
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	SGP4 (Simplified General Perturbations 4) is a rapid orbital propagation method that predicts satellite position and velocity from Two-Line Element (TLE) sets published by NORAD. Developed in the 1970s, SGP4 accounts for atmospheric drag, gravitational perturbations, and solar radiation pressure using simplified analytical models. SGP4 is the de facto standard for space surveillance, conjunction assessment, and satellite tracking.	TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) is an airborne safety system that detects nearby aircraft using radar and mode C altitude reports, then provides traffic advisories (TAs) and recommended collision avoidance maneuvers (RAs) to flight crews. Mandated globally on commercial aircraft since 2000, TCAS is considered a last line of defense against mid-air collisions. TCAS II is the most common variant; TCAS I is a simplified advisory-only version for general aviation.