เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การวิเคราะห์ความไวต่อเหตุปัจจัยเชิงสาเหตุ	การจับคู่คะแนนแนวโน้ม
สาขาวิชา	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ	สถิติการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Regression model	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1983–2002	1983
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Paul R. Rosenbaum (hidden-bias framework); extended by Cinelli & Hazlett (omitted-variable approach)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
ประเภท	Diagnostic / robustness check	Method
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387989679	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	sensitivity analysis, hidden-bias sensitivity analysis, Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis, omitted-variable sensitivity	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	3
สรุป	Sensitivity analysis for causality assesses how robust a causal conclusion is to unobserved confounding. Rather than assuming all confounders are controlled, it asks: how strong would an unmeasured variable need to be to overturn the estimated effect? It is an indispensable robustness check after any quasi-experimental or observational causal analysis.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.