เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	อนุกรมผู้ป่วยปรับค่าความเสี่ยง	การออกแบบการศึกษาความแม่นยำในการวินิจฉัย
สาขาวิชา	ระบาดวิทยา	การวิจัยทางคลินิก
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1990s–2000s	2003-2015
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Copeland, Jones & Walters (POSSUM score, 1991); broader risk-adjustment methodology developed across surgical and critical care audit literature	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
ประเภท	Observational study design with statistical risk correction	Research Design
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Copeland, G. P., Jones, D., & Walters, M. (1991). POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. British Journal of Surgery, 78(3), 355–360.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	risk-stratified case series, adjusted case series, risk-corrected case series	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	2
สรุป	A risk-adjusted case series is an observational study design that reports outcomes for a consecutive or defined group of patients undergoing the same procedure or sharing a condition, while statistically correcting for differences in patient-level baseline risk. Rather than presenting raw complication or mortality rates, it compares observed outcomes against expected rates derived from a validated scoring model (e.g., POSSUM, APACHE, ASA grade), enabling fairer evaluation of clinical performance across institutions or over time.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.