เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	บทความวิจัยต้นฉบับ	กระบวนการพิจารณาโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ
สาขาวิชา	การเขียนเชิงวิชาการ	จริยธรรมการตีพิมพ์
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1665	1665
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Scientific research community	Scientific publishing community; formalized by journals and COPE
ประเภท	Document Type	Process
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers. COPE.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	research paper, empirical article, primary research, journal article	Peer Reviewing, Manuscript Evaluation, Scholarly Review
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	4
สรุป	An original research article is the primary vehicle for reporting new empirical findings in a discipline. Following the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), it represents a researcher's novel data, analysis, and interpretation. The journal article format has been the gold standard for scientific communication since the establishment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665.	Peer review is the process by which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the same field before publication in academic journals. Reviewers assess the manuscript's scientific merit, methodology, clarity, and contribution to the field. Established in 1665 with the first scientific journal (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), peer review remains the gold standard for quality control in academic publishing. Despite ongoing criticism and proposals for alternatives, peer review continues to filter low-quality and unethical work, though it is imperfect and sometimes slow.