เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Near-Repeat Analysis	Ripley K Function
สาขาวิชา	Criminology	การวิเคราะห์เชิงพื้นที่
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
ปีกำเนิด	2003	1977
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Michael Townsley, Shane Johnson & Kate Bowers	Brian Ripley
ประเภท	Space-time clustering test for crime contagion	Spatial point pattern test
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Townsley, M., Homel, R., & Chaseling, J. (2003). Infectious burglaries: A test of the near repeat hypothesis. British Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 615–633.	Ripley, B. D. (1977). Modelling spatial patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(2), 172–212.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Near Repeat Calculator Method, Space-Time Near-Repeat Analysis, Near-Repeat Victimization, Contagion Crime Pattern Analysis	Ripley's K Function, Second-Order Intensity Function, K(d) Function, Ripley K Fonksiyonu
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	2
สรุป	Near-repeat analysis tests whether crimes cluster in space and time beyond chance: after a crime occurs, are nearby locations at elevated risk for a short period? Developed in the early 2000s by Townsley, Johnson, Bowers and colleagues for burglary, it formalizes the 'contagion' or 'communicable disease' pattern of crime using a Knox space-time test against a Monte Carlo reference distribution.	The Ripley K function, introduced by Brian Ripley in 1977, is a second-order summary statistic for spatial point patterns. It measures how the number of points within a given distance d of a typical point compares to what would be expected under complete spatial randomness (CSR). Widely used in ecology, epidemiology, criminology, and geography, the K function reveals whether events cluster, disperse, or distribute randomly across a study area at multiple spatial scales simultaneously.