เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW / IPTW) การถ่วงน้ำหนักด้วยความน่าจะเป็นผกผัน	การจับคู่คะแนนแนวโน้ม
สาขาวิชา	การอนุมานเชิงสาเหตุ	สถิติการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Regression model	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2000	1983
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Robins, Hernán & Brumback	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
ประเภท	Causal inference weighting estimator	Method
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	3
สรุป	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.