เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ผลกระทบแบบตรึงเชิงโต้ตอบ	แบบจำลอง Global VAR
สาขาวิชา	เศรษฐมิติ	เศรษฐมิติ
ตระกูล	Regression model	Regression model
ปีกำเนิด	2009	2004
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Jushan Bai	Pesaran, Schuermann, and Weiner
ประเภท	Panel with latent structure	International system model
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Bai, J. (2009). Panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Econometric Reviews, 28(4), 289-312.	Pesaran, M. H., Schuermann, T., & Weiner, S. M. (2004). Modeling regional interdependencies using a global error-correcting macroeconometric model. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 22(2), 129-162.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Factor models with individual heterogeneity	GVAR, Multi-country VAR
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	Interactive Fixed Effects (IFE) extends standard fixed-effects panel models by allowing unit-specific intercepts to vary not just at the individual level but also with unobserved common time-varying factors. Introduced by Bai (2009), it models heterogeneity as the interaction of individual characteristics and common shocks, ideal for studying cross-sectional variation in how units respond to macro conditions. This framework dominates when common factors drive substantial heterogeneity.	Global VAR (GVAR) is a large-scale macroeconomic modeling framework linking multiple countries (or regions) via trade and financial channels, allowing shocks in one country to propagate through the global system. Introduced by Pesaran et al. (2004), it solves the curse of dimensionality in international VAR models by estimating country-specific VARs conditional on foreign variables, then solving a system linking all countries. This approach is invaluable for analyzing global spillovers and international policy coordination.