เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การทดสอบ HKA	F-statistics (FST)	การทดสอบการกวาดล้างโดยการคัดเลือก (Tajima's D)
สาขาวิชา	พันธุศาสตร์	พันธุศาสตร์	พันธุศาสตร์
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1987	1951	1989
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Richard Hudson, Martin Kreitman & Montserrat Aguade	Sewall Wright	Fumio Tajima
ประเภท	Statistical test	Population differentiation measure	Neutrality test
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Hudson, R. R., Kreitman, M., & Aguadé, M. (1987). A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. Genetics, 116(1), 153–159.	Wright, S. (1951). The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15(4), 323–354.	Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123(3), 585–595.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	HKA test, Polymorphism divergence test	FST, Wright's F-statistics, Population differentiation index	Tajima's D test, Selective sweep analysis, Neutrality test
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4	4
สรุป	The Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade (HKA) test is a statistical method that tests for neutral evolution by comparing levels of within-population polymorphism and between-population divergence at multiple loci. Developed by Hudson, Kreitman, and Aguade in 1987, this test uses the principle that neutral loci should show expected relationships between polymorphism and divergence. Loci deviating from these relationships are candidates for selection. The HKA test is particularly useful for detecting selection in genome-wide surveys because it uses relative comparisons across loci rather than requiring external calibration.	F-statistics are a family of measures developed by Sewall Wright to quantify population genetic structure and the degree of genetic differentiation between populations. FST, the most widely used F-statistic, measures the proportion of total genetic variation attributable to differences between populations versus within populations. FST ranges from zero (no differentiation) to one (complete differentiation). These statistics have become fundamental tools for understanding population structure, detecting population admixture, and analyzing the evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation.	Tajima's D is a statistical test designed to detect selective sweeps—recent, rapid fixation of advantageous mutations—from patterns of genetic variation in DNA sequences. Developed by Fumio Tajima in 1989, this test measures deviations from neutrality by comparing different measures of DNA sequence diversity. A significant Tajima's D value indicates departure from neutral evolution, suggesting positive selection, population structure, or demographic events.